Assessment of the Ecological Risk from Heavy Metals in the Surface Sediment of River Surma, Bangladesh: Coupled Approach of Monte Carlo Simulation and Multi-Component Statistical Analysis

River sediment can be used to measure the pollution level in natural water, as it serves one of vital environmental indicators. This study aims assess heavy metal namely Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), and Cadmium (Cd) Surma River. Further, compares potential ecological risk index values using Hakanson Risk Index (RI) Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) approach evaluate risks caused by these metals. area. With obtained results, enrichment individual metals area was found order Ni > Pb Cd Mn Cu Zn. Also, variance MCS contributed studied Zn Cu. None metals, except Ni, showed moderate contamination sediment. from RI provide valuable insights profile river, indicating river is currently under low for utilized susceptibility near an urban core, have a better understanding river.